Biotechnology definition and history

Biotechnology definition and history

 

 

 

Today biotechnogy is dominating field notonly in India but also all around the wold. According to European Federation of Biotechnology  “biotechnology as the integrated use of biochemistry, microbiology and chemical engineering to achieve the industrial application of microbes and tissue culture”.

History:
History of biotechnology is very old though at that time we do not aware about the name biotechnology. So I have listed few of historical points of biotechnology:

•As mentioned earlier, food biotechnology has been evolving for 10,000 years.

• Beginning in 2,500 B.C., Egyptians were breeding geese to make them bigger and better tasting when cooked.

• Microorganisms have been used to enhance food production since before the turn of the 20th century.

Equipments required in a Laboratory

Equipments required in a Laboratory



1. Refractometer: It is used to measure the total soluble solids present in fruit juice and wines. Sugars are the major soluble solids in fruit juice and, therefore, total soluble solids (TSS) can be used as an estimate of sugar content. Organic acids, amino acids and soluble pectins also contribute to soluble solids. The refractometer measure the refractive index, which indicates how much a light beam will be refracted when it passes through the fruit juice or wine which is then correlated with TSS as degree brix.


2. Water Bath: It is used to heat samples and for Pasteurization process (in which samples are heated at 62.5 °C.


3. Hot air oven: It is used to dry samples. It contains one thermostat and 3-way heat switch. It has temperature range from 0 to 300°C. it is also used for sterilization of glass wares at temperature of 160°C for 1 hour.


4. Mettler Balance: it is type of weighing machine used for measuring chemicals.

All about production of strawberry wine, plum wine and apricot wine

Concept note and production method of strawberry wine, plum wine and apricot wine

Process detail

                  Basically, the preparation of fruit wines is similar to the grape wine production.  Wine making from fruits like plum, apricot and strawberry is economical and unique in quality characteristics in consistence with the type of fruits. Unlike the grapes, the fruits of strawberry, plum or apricot are highly acidic in nature.  Besides this, these fruits are pulpy and they possess colour to make wine of appealing colour. They have characteristics flavor and the same is imparted to the wine. But these fruits have lower sugar content than the grapes thus, ameliorating the pulp to the desired level is essential.

               Like plum, strawberry fruits are also highly acidic in nature and to make a palatable   wine, dilution  of  pulp  with  water   is   the alternative  available. Filling of carboys was done up to 75 per cent capacity. Specific details are given below:

 1 (a): Strawberry

For the preparation of  red strawberry wine,  several  processes     like     crushing,     carbonic maceration, thermovinification  and fermented on the skin  are  practiced.

Thermovinification of wines                                                                                        

  Berries are destemed and washed.   Heating is done  at 65-70^oC in 50% water for 5-6  minutes.   The free run juice  is  collected and  must  is  prepared.  The SO₂ in the form  of potassium  metabisulphite  was added at the rate of  50  ppm.  The  ‘must’  is  kept overnight before  inoculation  with  the active  yeast  culture.  Liquid culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were prepared by inoculating a loop of the yeast cells from the slant into 100 ml of nutrient broth containing yeast extract, peptone, dextrose and heat sterilized and cooled to ambient temperature. The culture so prepared was further transferred to 500 ml flask contain plum must having TSS of 15^oB. After incubation for 48 hours, the culture is ready for inoculation into the must.  Fermentation is carried out at a temperature of 27 ±1^oC  in 5 litre flasks, fitted with air  locks and  initiated  by  addition  of  active  yeast  culture   of  Saccharomyces  cerevisiae var. ellipsoides at the rate  of  5 per  cent.   When there is no further loss  in  TSS,  the fermentation  is  considered as completed.  Air locks are fitted in the mouth of glass near the end  of  fermentation. It is followed by siphoning/racking and filtration.   The wines are racked initially after  every  15  days  and then, after one  month.   During fermentation, fall   in   TSS  (^oB),  titratable   acidity    and   ethanol concentration  were  monitored at  appropriate  intervals  of time.   The prepared strawberry wines are filled  in  clean glass   bottles  upto  the  brim  adding  50  ppm   potassium metabisulphite.

Best website in USA: www.couponsplusdeals.com

Best website in USA: www.couponsplusdeals.com

Yes, www.couponsplusdeals.com  is among the best sites in USA for daily electronics deals offer and coupons.
In USA there are many sites how deals with offers and coupons on best electronic products. It offers volunteers to write original articles on best deals and share revenue for this. Yes it is revenue sharing site. It also offers for “kontera” for your personal blog or sites, by which you can make more revenue. The site is gaining popularity day by day. To have kontera for your blog through this site you to make 500 points. It is easy job you can depute maximum 2 hours and can have one or two article per day and can generate extra income from it. The site also organizes some contest by which you can win attractive prizes.

How to register: The process is very simple, first go to the home page of http://www.couponsplusdeals.com/ and then click on register. Fill the queries and verify your account by applying the code in your mail or by following the verification link. You have to register only once after that you have to simply sign in.

All about short services conducted by Government

All about short services conducted by Government

Government of India, Union Public service Commission (UPSC) is conducting the Civil Service Exam, to recruit the Civil Service officer for the given below posts. All India Services Indian Administrative Service (IAS) Indian Police Service (IPS) IIndian Foreign Service (IFS) Central Civil Services - Group "A" Armed Forces Headquarters Civil Service Border Roads Engineering Service Central Information Service Corporate law services Company Law Board Service Central Power Engineering Service Central Electrical & Mechanical Engineering Service Central Water Engineering Service(Civil) Central Water Engineering Service(Mechanical) Central Engineering Service Central Engineering Service(Roads) Central Health Service Central Legal Service Central Labour Service Central Trade Service Defense Lands and Cantonment Service Defence Quality Assurance Service Defence Research & Development Service Defence Aeronautical Quality Assurance Service




Indian Postal Service Indian Civil Accounts Service (ICAS) Indian Railway Service of Mechanical Engineers Indian Railway Service of Electrical Engineers Indian Railway Service of Engineers Indian Railway Service of Signal Engineers Indian Railway Stores Service Indian Telecommunication Service Indian Revenue Service (IRS) - Income Tax Indian Revenue Service (IRS) - Customs & Central Excise Indian Audits & Accounts Service (IA&AS) Indian Defence Accounts Service (IDAS) Indian Defence Estate Service (IDES) Indian Economic Service(IES) Indian Ordnance Factory Services (IOFS) Indian Post & Telecommunication Accounts and Finance Service (IP&TAFS) Indian Railway Accounts Service (IRAS) Indian Railway Traffic Service (IRTS) Indian Information Service (IIS) Indian Railway Personnel Service (IRPS) Indian Naval Armament Service Indian Supply Service Indian Inspection Service Indian Salt Service Indian Broadcasting(Engs) Service Indian Ordnance Factories Health Service Indian Economic Service Indian Statistical Service Indian Cost Accounts Service Indian Defence Service of Engineers Indian Broadcasting(Programme) Service Military Engineering Service Military Engineers Service of Architects Military Engineers Service of Surveyors Overseas Communication Service P&T Building Works Service Railways Protection Force (RPF) Railway Medical Service Railway Board Secretariat Service Survey of India Service

Central Civil Services - Group "B" Defence Secretariat Service Union Territories Administrative Service Union Territories Police Service

Scheme of the Examination

The successive stages of examination are:

Preliminary Examination for the selection of candidates for the Main Examination

Main Examination (Written) for the selection of candidates for interview for a Personality Test.

Interview (Personality Test)

Age: Should have completed 21 years. Educational Qualifications :

Should have passed any Degree Students undergoing final year of study in college may also apply subject to submitting their attested copy of degree / provisional certificates when they apply for Main exams. A degree of any of the Universities incorporated by an Act of the Central or State Legislature in India or other educational institutions established by an Act of Parliament or declared to be a Deemed University under the UGC Act, 1956, or an equivalent qualification.

Category` Age Limit No of Attempts SC/ST 35 No Limit OBC 33 7 Attempts OC 30 4 Attempts Blind, deaf-mute and Orthopaedically handicapped persons

40 -

Ex-service man 35 -

Notifications:

Notified in Employment News probably in Nov. last week / Dec. 1st week.

Upon selection, the posts will be alloted to you as per the rank list. Initially you will be posted as a Trainee in the concerned departments with the initial pay scale :15,600-39,100 with GP:5400.

Himachal General knowledge for HPAS and other exams

General Awareness Model Question Paper

Google + (plus) new social cum business search engine…a comparison between Google plus and facebook

Google + (plus) new social cum business search engine…a comparison between Google plus and facebook

Yes, you can believe in it like other Google products. Google trying to made it special for you by incorporating features which suites your business. You can make your website or blog more popular by incorporating and by enforcing to add your site in Google plus. No doubt it is going to compete with facebook popularity. In other countries like USA, Britain and other European countries, it became very popular. But in India it is at starting mode. Indian people are using it only for their business growth and popularity rather for social purpose.

How to get a verified badge and vanity URL for your Google+ Page


Yes, it’s working is somewhat similar to and little bit different to facebook.

Why facebook is so popular…Is facebook safe...

Why facebook is so popular…Is facebook safe...

Yes, it does not matter that facebook (FB) is safe or not, but it is true that is one of the finest search engine. It not only makes you aware about your friends but also help you out in finding your friends somewhere left back in your memories. Yes, no doubt I like FB.

But you think is there any other search engine who leg it behind bellow your expectations. It has some peculiar features like:

Making account is easy: Anybody had any account can easily login FB by registering yourself.

Display your status and making comments on it is amazing feature. You can also send private message to your beloved.